SSA Disability Resources
The Five-Step Social Security Disability Process
For most initial adult disability claims, the Social Security Administration applies five questions in order. The answer at each step can end the evaluation; if it does not, the claim moves to the next step. This guide explains the usual sequence for SSDI and adult SSI claims.
The sequence is a general guide for initial adult claims. Child disability claims and continuing disability reviews use different rules, and SSA has limited procedures that can change the order of evaluation in some cases.
The five questions, in order
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Step 1
Substantial Gainful Activity
Are you working at the substantial gainful activity level?
YesGenerally Not disabled; evaluation stops.NoContinue to Step 2. -
Step 2
Severe Impairment
Do you have a severe medically determinable impairment?
YesContinue to Step 3.NoNot disabled; evaluation stops. -
Step 3
Meets or Equals a Listing
Does an impairment meet or medically equal a listing?
YesDisabled; evaluation stops.NoAssess RFC and continue to Step 4. -
Step 4
Past Relevant Work
Can you do past relevant work from the current five-year period?
YesNot disabled; evaluation stops.NoContinue to Step 5. -
Step 5
Adjustment to Other Work
Can you adjust to other work that exists in significant numbers?
YesNot disabled; evaluation stops.NoDisabled; evaluation stops.
Who has to prove what?
You generally have the burden to show that you meet the disability requirements through Step 4, including that you cannot return to past relevant work. If the claim reaches Step 5, SSA must provide evidence that other work exists in significant numbers that you can do, considering your residual functional capacity and vocational factors.
Where a disability finding can happen
In the ordinary initial adult process, a disability finding can be made at Step 3 when a listing is met or equaled, or at Step 5 when SSA cannot show other work you can adjust to. Step 4 itself asks whether you can return to past relevant work.